{"id":8101,"date":"2023-09-13T10:51:16","date_gmt":"2023-09-13T08:51:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quabu.eu\/?p=8101"},"modified":"2024-11-13T10:44:46","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T09:44:46","slug":"descubriendo-la-piramide-de-testing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.quabu.eu\/ca\/descubriendo-la-piramide-de-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"La Pir\u00e0mide de Testing i el Software Confiable"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8101\" class=\"elementor elementor-8101\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-19d35d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"19d35d3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e1c5a6c\" data-id=\"e1c5a6c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e69188a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e69188a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La pir\u00e0mide de testing de programari, tamb\u00e9 coneguda com la pir\u00e0mide de Cohn o pir\u00e0mide de proves, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00e9s un framework que proposa l'agrupaci\u00f3 d'aquestes proves en capes i la quantitat relativa que s'ha de crear per cada capa<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. B\u00e0sicament es tracta d'una guia que ajuda a crear proves m\u00e9s eficients i s'obt\u00e9 com a resultat un programari m\u00e9s confiable. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mike Cohn va crear una estructura en forma de pir\u00e0mide per permetre als equips que treballen amb metodologies \u00e0gils organitzar les proves. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aix\u00ed neix el concepte de la <strong>\"Pir\u00e0mide de Cohn\"<\/strong> y presenta la seg\u00fcent distribuci\u00f3:<\/span><\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/quabu.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/unnamed-1024x536.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les <strong>proves unit\u00e0ries<\/strong> s\u00f3n a la part inferior i representen les proves m\u00e9s granulars, de les quals hi hauria d'haver una gran gamma. <\/span>La seg\u00fcent capa a la pir\u00e0mide \u00e9s la de servei o <strong>proves d'integraci\u00f3<\/strong>. Aqu\u00ed \u00e9s on es comen\u00e7a a provar com interactuen els diferents components de programari entre si, ja siguin integracions internes o externes. La<strong> prova d'extrem a extrem<\/strong> <strong>(E2E)<\/strong> \u00e9s la m\u00e9s complexa i prova el programari en el seu conjunt per assegurar-se que funciona com s'espera de principi a fi.<\/p><ul><li><strong>Proves unit\u00e0ries<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Centrades en la part m\u00e9s petita del disseny del programari, tracten de provar<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> una petita porci\u00f3 de codi, t\u00edpicament una funci\u00f3\/m\u00e8tode o fins a una classe, per determinar si compleix la seva funci\u00f3 correctament. Les caracter\u00edstiques d' aquestes proves s\u00f3n simples i r\u00e0pides, per la qual cosa es desitja un gran percentatge d' elles en aquesta capa. Quan falla una prova unit\u00e0ria, els desenvolupadors reben una alerta i poden determinar r\u00e0pidament quines s\u00f3n les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies no desitjades dels canvis en el seu codi.<\/span><\/p><ul><li><strong>Proves d' integraci\u00f3<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La seg\u00fcent capa correspon als serveis on es realitzen les proves d' integraci\u00f3 que es troben en el nivell mitj\u00e0 de la pir\u00e0mide de testing. Quan les proves unit\u00e0ries s\u00f3n molt granulars, en aquest nivell utilitzem proves que comencen a verificar que els paquets m\u00e9s grans de codi funcionen correctament junts.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aquestes proves s\u00f3n m\u00e9s lentes d'executar que les proves unit\u00e0ries i requereixen que el seu programari s'implementi en un entorn de prova, per\u00f2 poden detectar problemes m\u00e9s complicats que les proves unit\u00e0ries passen per alt. S\u00f3n crucials per provar el programari implementat de manera eficient en comparaci\u00f3 amb les proves d' un extrem a un altre.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At\u00e8s que l'abast de les proves \u00e9s m\u00e9s ampli, augmenta el temps per diagnosticar i solucionar problemes. No obstant aix\u00f2, igual que amb les proves unit\u00e0ries, les proves d' integraci\u00f3 es poden repetir fins que totes les proves siguin reeixides.<\/span><\/p><ul><li><strong>Proves d'extem a extrem (E2E)<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La prova E2E s\u00f3n les m\u00e9s complexes i estan dissenyades per avaluar el programari en el seu conjunt. Utilitzen dades i un entorn de prova per simular el funcionament d' aquest programari en el m\u00f3n real. \u00c9s el m\u00e9s car de mantenir i el m\u00e9s lent d'executar. At\u00e8s que les proves E2E proven aplicacions completament acoblades, tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s la fase m\u00e9s dif\u00edcil en la qual diagnosticar possibles errors.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aquest tipus de proves no es pot mantenir sense cap tipus d' automatitzaci\u00f3, llevat que s' hagi dissenyat pr\u00e8viament un test pla s\u00f2lid que mostri detalladament com s' han de realitzar aquestes proves.<\/span><\/p><h2><b>Pir\u00e0mide de testing automatitzada de Quabu<\/b><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qualsevol pir\u00e0mide de testing s'hauria de construir sobre una base s\u00f2lida d'una an\u00e0lisi de codi profund, seguint el model de qualitat del producte programari definit per la ISO\/IEC 25010. Aquest model es troba compost per les vuit caracter\u00edstiques de qualitat que es mostren en la figura seg\u00fcent:<\/span><\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/quabu.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/unnamed-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"850\" height=\"381\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Per aconseguir aquesta qualitat de producte, Quabu presenta una pir\u00e0mide de testing automatitzada amb diferents eines de programari en les seves respectives capes:<\/span><\/p><ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Proves unitaries:<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0s'automatitzen a nivell de tasca (Jest)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Proves d'integraci\u00f3:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0s'automatitzen a nivell de l'historia d'usuari (Postman).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Proves E2E:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0s'automatitzen a nivell de caracter\u00edstiques (CodeceptJS + Selenium).<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cal destacar tamb\u00e9 el <strong>proc\u00e9s d'automatitzaci\u00f3<\/strong> que Quabu duu a terme per a l' execuci\u00f3 d' aquestes proves i les eines que tamb\u00e9 hi intervenen:<\/span><\/p><ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Definici\u00f3 dels requeriments i condicions per a les hist\u00f2ries d'usuari:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<strong>Confluence<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Definici\u00f3 e implementaci\u00f3 dels diferentes test cases: <\/span><strong>Jira-XRAY.<\/strong><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Repositori per a les proves automatitzades:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<strong>Bitbucket.<\/strong><\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Execuci\u00f3 de les proves automatitzades: <\/span><strong>Jenkins.<\/strong><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Validaci\u00f3 i reporting dels resutats obtinguts: <strong>XRAY<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La pir\u00e1mide de testing de software, tambi\u00e9n conocida como la pir\u00e1mide de Cohn o pir\u00e1mide de pruebas, es un framework que propone la agrupaci\u00f3n de dichas pruebas en capas y la cantidad relativa que se debe crear por cada capa. B\u00e1sicamente se trata de una gu\u00eda que ayuda a crear pruebas m\u00e1s eficientes y se&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.quabu.eu\/ca\/descubriendo-la-piramide-de-testing\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">Llegiu m\u00e9s &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">La Pir\u00e0mide de Testing i el Software Confiable<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8129,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articulos"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Descubre la Pir\u00e1mide de Testing: Un enfoque eficiente para crear pruebas unitarias, de integraci\u00f3n y E2E, y asegurar software 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