{"id":8101,"date":"2023-09-13T10:51:16","date_gmt":"2023-09-13T08:51:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quabu.eu\/?p=8101"},"modified":"2024-11-13T10:44:46","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T09:44:46","slug":"descubriendo-la-piramide-de-testing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.quabu.eu\/en\/descubriendo-la-piramide-de-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"La Pir\u00e1mide de Testing y el Software Confiable"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8101\" class=\"elementor elementor-8101\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-19d35d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"19d35d3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e1c5a6c\" data-id=\"e1c5a6c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e69188a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e69188a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La pir\u00e1mide de testing de software, tambi\u00e9n conocida como la pir\u00e1mide de Cohn o pir\u00e1mide de pruebas, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">es un framework que propone la agrupaci\u00f3n de dichas pruebas en capas y la cantidad relativa que se debe crear por cada capa<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. B\u00e1sicamente se trata de una gu\u00eda que ayuda a crear pruebas m\u00e1s eficientes y se obtiene como resultado un software m\u00e1s confiable. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mike Cohn cre\u00f3 una estructura en forma de pir\u00e1mide para permitir a los equipos que trabajan con metodolog\u00edas \u00e1giles organizar las pruebas. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As\u00ed nac\u00eda el concepto de la <strong>\u201cPir\u00e1mide de Cohn\u201d<\/strong> y presenta la siguiente distribuci\u00f3n:<\/span><\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/quabu.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/unnamed-1024x536.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las <strong>pruebas unitarias<\/strong> est\u00e1n en la parte inferior y representan las pruebas m\u00e1s granulares, de las cuales deber\u00eda haber una gran gama. <\/span>La siguiente capa en la pir\u00e1mide es la de servicio o <strong>pruebas de integraci\u00f3n<\/strong>. Aqu\u00ed es donde se comienza a probar c\u00f3mo interact\u00faan los diferentes componentes de software entre s\u00ed, ya sean integraciones internas o externas. La<strong> prueba de extremo a extremo<\/strong> <strong>(E2E)<\/strong> es la m\u00e1s compleja y prueba el software en su conjunto para asegurarse de que funciona como se espera de principio a fin.<\/p><ul><li><strong>Pruebas unitarias<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Centradas en la parte m\u00e1s peque\u00f1a del dise\u00f1o del software, tratan de probar<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> una peque\u00f1a porci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo, t\u00edpicamente una funci\u00f3n\/m\u00e9todo o hasta una clase, para determinar si cumple su funci\u00f3n correctamente. Las caracter\u00edsticas de estas pruebas son simples y r\u00e1pidas, por lo que se desea un gran porcentaje de ellas en esta capa. Cuando falla una prueba unitaria, los desarrolladores reciben una alerta y pueden determinar r\u00e1pidamente cu\u00e1les son las consecuencias no deseadas de los cambios en su c\u00f3digo.<\/span><\/p><ul><li><strong>Pruebas de integraci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La siguiente capa corresponde a los servicios donde se realizan las pruebas de integraci\u00f3n que se encuentran en el nivel medio de la pir\u00e1mide de testing. Cuando las pruebas unitarias son muy granulares, en este nivel utilizamos pruebas que comienzan a verificar que los paquetes m\u00e1s grandes de c\u00f3digo funcionan correctamente juntos.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estas pruebas son m\u00e1s lentas de ejecutar que las pruebas unitarias y requieren que su software se implemente en un entorno de prueba, pero pueden detectar problemas m\u00e1s complicados que las pruebas unitarias pasan por alto. Son cruciales para probar el software implementado de manera eficiente en comparaci\u00f3n con las pruebas de un extremo a otro.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debido a que el alcance de las pruebas es m\u00e1s amplio, aumenta el tiempo para diagnosticar y solucionar problemas. Sin embargo, al igual que con las pruebas unitarias, las pruebas de integraci\u00f3n se pueden repetir hasta que todas las pruebas sean exitosas.<\/span><\/p><ul><li><strong>Pruebas de un extremo a otro (E2E)<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La prueba E2E son las mas complejas y est\u00e1n dise\u00f1adas para evaluar el software en su conjunto. Utilizan datos y un entorno de prueba para simular el funcionamiento de dicho software en el mundo real. Es el m\u00e1s caro de mantener y el m\u00e1s lento de ejecutar. Dado que las pruebas E2E prueban aplicaciones completamente ensambladas, tambi\u00e9n es la fase m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil en la cual diagnosticar posibles errores.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Este tipo de pruebas no puede mantenerse sin ning\u00fan tipo de automatizaci\u00f3n, a menos que se haya dise\u00f1ado previamente un test plan s\u00f3lido que muestre detalladamente c\u00f3mo se deben realizar dichas pruebas.<\/span><\/p><h2><b>Pir\u00e1mide de testing automatizada de Quabu<\/b><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cualquier pir\u00e1mide de testing deber\u00eda construirse sobre una base s\u00f3lida de un an\u00e1lisis de c\u00f3digo profundo, siguiendo el modelo de calidad del producto software definido por la ISO\/IEC 25010. Dicho modelo se encuentra compuesto por las ocho caracter\u00edsticas de calidad que se muestran en la siguiente figura:<\/span><\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/quabu.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/unnamed-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"850\" height=\"381\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para conseguir esta calidad de producto, Quabu presenta una pir\u00e1mide de testing automatizada con diferentes herramientas de software en sus respectivas capas:<\/span><\/p><ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Pruebas unitarias:<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0se automatizan a nivel de tarea (Jest).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Pruebas de integraci\u00f3n:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0se automatizan a nivel de historia de usuario (Postman).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Pruebas E2E:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0se automatizan a nivel de caracter\u00edsticas (CodeceptJS + Selenium).<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cabe destacar tambi\u00e9n el <strong>proceso de automatizaci\u00f3n<\/strong> que Quabu lleva a cabo para la ejecuci\u00f3n de dichas pruebas y las herramientas que tambi\u00e9n intervienen:<\/span><\/p><ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Definici\u00f3n de requerimientos y condiciones para las historias de usuario:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<strong>Confluence<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Definici\u00f3n e implementaci\u00f3n de los diferentes test cases: <\/span><strong>Jira-XRAY.<\/strong><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Repositorio para las pruebas automatizadas:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<strong>Bitbucket.<\/strong><\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ejecuci\u00f3n de las pruebas automatizadas: <\/span><strong>Jenkins.<\/strong><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Validaci\u00f3n y reporting de los resultados obtenidos: <strong>XRAY<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La pir\u00e1mide de testing de software, tambi\u00e9n conocida como la pir\u00e1mide de Cohn o pir\u00e1mide de pruebas, es un framework que propone la agrupaci\u00f3n de dichas pruebas en capas y la cantidad relativa que se debe crear por cada capa. B\u00e1sicamente se trata de una gu\u00eda que ayuda a crear pruebas m\u00e1s eficientes y se&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.quabu.eu\/en\/descubriendo-la-piramide-de-testing\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">La Pir\u00e1mide de Testing y el Software Confiable<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8129,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articulos"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Descubre la Pir\u00e1mide de Testing: Un enfoque eficiente para crear pruebas unitarias, de integraci\u00f3n y E2E, y asegurar software 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